Safety and Health (3)
FPE Stab-Lok Electrical Panel Hazard Summary Handout Page with References
Written by Terry JonesFPE Stab-Lok Electrical Panel Hazard Summary Handout Page with References
FEDERAL PACIFIC ELECTRIC, FPE STAB LOK ® Electrical Panels & Circuit Breakers: Latent Fire Hazards
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FPE Stab-Lok Equipment in Residential Properties: Hazards & Remedies
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| http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/fpepanel.htm | |
Federal Pacific Electric (FPE Stab-Lok®) was a widely-distributed electrical panel brand throughout the United States and under the Federal Pioneer brand, also in Canada very similar product continues to be sold. For years, anecdotes and field reports about FPE Stab-Lok® hazards and defects have been discussed at professional conferences and occasionally in the media. Field reports of recalls, poor and even fraudulent manufacturing & labeling, house fires,and injuries have been reported attributed to this product. Independent testing confirms that FPE Stab-Lok® circuit breakers fail to trip, at times as much as 70-80 percent of the time. We have found no data indicating that circuit breakers from other manufacturers fail at anywhere near this high rate. The equipment is a fire and injury hazard.
InspectAPedia.com is an independent publisher of building, environmental, and forensic inspection, diagnosis, and repair information for the public - we have no business nor financial connection with any manufacturer or service provider discussed at our website.
What is The FPE Stab-Lok Hazard
- Fraudulent FPE Stab-Lok®practice: In 2002, in a class action lawsuit in New Jersey, the Court ruled that over many years FPE had violated the NY Consumer Fraud Act. Specifically, the court found that "... FPE knowingly and purposefully distributed circuit breakers which were not tested to meet UL standards as indicated on their label. This constitutes an unlawful practice proscribed by the Act."[1] The court's decision, which was based on extensive evidence that included FPE's own documents, confirmed long-standing allegations of FPE's fraudulent testing practices. [2]
- High FPE Stab-Lok® failure rates: Despite FPE's fraudulent testing and falsified UL labeling, defective FPE Stab-Loc circuit breakers were installed in millions of residences throughout the United States. Tests on more than 500 Stab-Lok breakers from homes across the country show defective performance for about 1/3 of the two-pole FPE Stab-Loc circuit breakers and about 1/5 of the single-pole FPE Stab-Loc circuit breakers in those tests. [3] Most recent FPE Stab-Lok testing of 830 breakers from a New Jersey condominium found failures to trip on response to overcurrent in up to 70% of cases where 2-pole breakers were installed. 80% failure rate has been demonstrated on GFCI breakers, and 100% failures to trip occur on jammed 2-pole breakers experiencing a second overcurrent event. [5]
- FPE Stab-Lok® fire & injury hazard: In addition to the failure of these circuit breakers to protect a building and its occupants from dangerous overcurrents, switching an FPE Stab-Lok circuit breaker to the "off" position may leave the breaker "on" internally, risking serious or fatal electrical shock. Based on failure studies and field reports, experts estimate that FPE Stab-Lok panels cause significant annual property damage losses, injuries, and deaths each year. [6]
- FPE Stab-Lok® is a latent fire and shock hazard: the presence of the equipment in a home does not itself initiate a failure. Rather, when a dangerous overcurrent occurs, the equipment is likely to fail to provide the safety protection that is expected of circuit breakers. For this reason, an owner's failure to observe a problem "up to now" is absolutely no assurance that the panel is safe. It may simply be that an overcurrent has not previously occurred and the circuit breakers have not been called-on to do their job.
- FPE Stab-Lok® equipment violates the National Electrical Code Because of the proven high defect rate, the FPE Stab-Loc breakers do not provide the circuit protection that is required by applicable codes and standards (NEC and UL). This constitutes an increased risk of fire and injury. [4] NEC-240-2 "Equipment shall be protected against overcurrent ..." - a building with FPE a Stab-Lok electrical panel does not meet the requirements of the NEC nor of any other electrical code.
- FPE Stab-Lok® field inspection or testing not reliable: There is no practical way that a licensed electrician, inspector, or engineer can determine which breakers in a given electrical panel are seriously defective internally. The only way to do that is by means of functional and life test procedures that they are not trained to do nor equipped to perform. Do not attempt field testing of FPE Stab-Lok® equipment. Doing so risks serious fire or injury, and testing, even simply switching breakers on and off increases the risk of a future failure to trip.
- Replace FPE Stab-Lok® equipment: Given these facts, FPE Stab-Lok electrical panels and circuit breakers should be considered an un-due fire and injury risk and we recommend that the equipment be replaced completely. (Do not purchase and install replacement circuit breakers)
More Information about FPE Stab-Lok Electrical Hazards
- FPE Stab-Lok HAZARDS & REPAIRS WEBSITE - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/fpepanel.htm - the Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) Electrical Hazards Website - description of the problem, technical studies, field reports, product identification photographs, history of the problem, all public documents on this topic
- FPE REPAIR ELECTRICIANS - http://www.inspectapedia.com/electric/Electricians_Directory.htm
- FPE Stab-Lok TECHNICAL REPORT - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/FPE-Hazards-Revised-070525.pdf - Study by Dr. Jess Aronstein, updated 2008, demonstrated the FPE Stab-Lok failure rates - an updated test report of independent testing (a large 1.2MB PDF file) using a larger pool of FPE Stab-Lok circuit breakers than the older CPSC and Wright Malta tests found significantly higher failure rates of FPE Stab-Lok circuit breakers, including a look at critical safety failures (breaker failed to trip at 200% of rated current or jammed) which found up to 80% failure rate for FPE Stab-Lok GFCI circuit breakers (n=4), 12% failure rate for double pole FPE Stab-Lok circuit breakers (n=120), and a 1% failure rate for FPE Stab-Lok single pole circuit breakers (n=345).
- HOW TO IDENTIFY FPE Federal Pacific Stab-Lok Electric Panels - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/fpeid.htm - is yours one of these?
- FPE FIRES: Failures continue - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/fpefire.htm - FPE breaker fails, results in fires: field reports
- REPLACEMENT FPE Stab-Lok CIRCUIT BREAKERS for FPE Electric Panels? - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/FPEBreakers.htm - are not recommended.
- REPLACEMENT ELECTRICAL PANEL OPTIONS for FPE - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/fpereplace.htm - Stab-Lok load centers - complete panel replacement or less costly replacement of the panel bus
- 2010 Where is Federal Pacific Electric today? Leaving out some steps and omitting (for now) Exxon's role:
- There is currently no "FPE Corporation" to whom consumers can easily presently direct a complaint unless they participated in the New Jersey Class Action - see below
- An FPE attorney exists, apparently charged with protecting some un liquidated assets and apparently charged with sheltering intermediate owners and corporations (Reliance, Exxon, Challenger, Others) from litigation. His efforts were behind the silly infomercial article that appeared in the IAEI magazine on this issue.
- New Jersey Class Action lawsuit settled, homeowner plaintiffs received $500. per panel and institutional plaintiffs received varying amounts. The lawsuit pertained to original homeowners in New Jersey who had an FPE Stab-Lok electrical panel in their homes.
- [1] FPE CLASS ACTION LAWSUIT: Partial Summary Judgment decision dated 8/15/2002 -http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/FPEJudgement8-15-02.pdf - by Judge Bryan D. Garruto, J.S.C., Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division: Middlesex County, Docket No L_2904-97.
- [2] FPE Exxon Scandal Article "Exxon Buys a scandal Along With a Company", Business week,July 21, 1980, p. 66.
- [3] 2008 - 2007 FPE Stab-Lok TECHNICAL REPORT (revised) - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/FPE-Hazards-Revised-070525.pdf - an updated test report of independent testing using a larger pool of FPE Stab-Lok circuit breakers than the older CPSC and Wright Malta tests found significantly higher failure rates of FPE Stab-Lok circuit breakers, including a look at critical safety failures (breaker failed to trip at 200% of rated current or jammed) which found up to 80% failure rate for FPE Stab-Lok GFCI circuit breakers (n=4), 12% failure rate for double pole FPE Stab-Lok circuit breakers (n=120), and a 1% failure rate for FPE Stab-Lok single pole circuit breakers (n=345).
- [4] Example: Dateline Journal (NJ), Feb 3, 1999, p. 1; and Letter, J. Aronstein to Richard Stern, Office of Compliance, US CPSC, 7 March 2006,
FPE Circuit Breakers - Field Incidents of fire and personal injury" - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/CPSC-FPE-3JA.pdf - [5] [6] 2010 - "FPE Stab-Lok® Breakers," Dr. Jess Aronstein, to U.S. CPSC, 0/29/2010, Independent testing of 830 circuit breakers from a 63-unit New Jersey condominium, & personal communication
- Consumers should report FPE failures and inspection/reporting issues to the U.S. CPSC; also report FPE Stab-Lok equipment failures, FPE home inspection or FPE hazard reporting issues to us
- FEDERAL PIONEER equipment: Schneider Electric produces a version of this equipment in Canada under the name Federal Pioneer A Canadian Federal Pacific recall in 1997 - http://inspectapedia.com/fpe/schneider.htm - There has been no "recall" in the U.S. though there is no doubt that the product is hazardous and should be replaced.
04/17/2011 - 04/01/1995 - http://InspectAPedia.com/fpe/FPE_StabLok_Summary.htm - © 2011 - 1988 Copyright InspectAPedia.com All Rights Reserved, The information on this page may not be reproduced or republished on another web page or website - InspectAPedia® is a Registered U.S. Trademark - This page may be copied to other websites as long as it is not modified. This page may be freely printed and distributed as long as it is done so without charge and as long as it is not used to endorse or sell a particular product or service.
reactions, asthma, and other respiratory complaints.
the way to control indoor mold growth is to control moisture.
sources of moisture.
- venting bathrooms, dryers, and other moisture-generating sources to the outside;
- using air conditioners and de-humidifiers;
- increasing ventilation;
- and using exhaust fans whenever cooking, dishwashing, and cleaning.
prevent mold growth.
materials such as ceiling tiles, that are moldy, may need to be replaced.
piping, exterior walls, roof, or floors) by adding insulation.
drinking fountains, by classroom sinks, or on concrete floors with leaks or frequent
condensation).
moisture is present. There are molds that can grow on wood, paper, carpet, and foods.
Feel free to download this page of tips in a printer-friendly PDF format. Realtors can reproduce it and
make it part of your real estate information packet.
Childproofing Your Home: 12 Safety Devices to Protect Your Children
1. Use safety latches and locks for cabinets and drawers in kitchens, bathrooms, and other areas to help prevent poisonings and other injuries. Safety latches and locks on cabinets and drawers can help prevent children from gaining access to medicines and household cleaners, as well as knives and other sharp objects.
Look for safety latches and locks that adults can easily install and use, but that are sturdy enough to withstand pulls and tugs from children. Safety latches are not a guarantee of protection, but they can make it more difficult for children to reach dangerous substances. Even products with child-resistant packaging should be locked away out of reach; this packaging is not childproof.
Typical cost of a safety latch or lock: less than $2.
2. Use safety gates to help prevent falls down stairs and to keep children away from dangerous areas. Look for safety gates that children cannot dislodge easily, but that adults can open and close without difficulty. For the top of stairs, gates that screw into the wall are more secure than "pressure gates."
New safety gates that meet safety standards display a certification seal from the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (JPMA). If you have an older safety gate, be sure it doesn't have "V" shapes that are large enough for a child's head and neck to fit into.
Typical cost of a safety gate: $13 to $40.
3. Use door knob covers and door locks to help prevent children from entering rooms and other areas with possible dangers, including swimming pools.
Be sure the door knob cover is sturdy enough not to break, but allows a door to be opened quickly by an adult in case of emergency. By restricting access to potentially hazardous rooms in the home, door knob covers could help prevent many kinds of injuries. To prevent access to swimming pools, door locks should be placed high, out of reach of young children. Locks should be used in addition to fences and door alarms. Sliding glass doors, with locks that must be re-secured after each use, are often not an effective barrier to pools.
Typical cost of a door knob cover: $1; door lock: $5 and up.
4. Use anti-scald devices for faucets and shower heads, and set your water heater temperature to 120° F to help prevent burns from hot water. A plumber may need to install these.
Typical cost of an anti-scald device: $6 to $30.
5. Use smoke detectors on every level of your home and near bedrooms to alert you to fires. Smoke detectors are essential safety devices for protection against fire deaths and injuries. Check smoke detectors once a month to make sure they're working. If detectors are battery-operated, change batteries at least once a year, or consider using 10-year batteries.
Typical cost of a window guard or safety netting: $8 to $16.
7. Use corner and edge bumpers to help prevent injuries from falls against sharp edges of furniture and fireplaces. Corner and edge bumpers can be used with furniture and fireplace hearths to help prevent injuries from falls, and to soften falls against sharp and rough edges.
Be sure to look for bumpers that stay securely on furniture and hearth edges.
Typical cost of a corner and edge bumper: $1 and up.
8. Use outlet covers and outlet plates to help prevent children from electrical shock and possible electrocution.
Be sure the outlet protectors cannot be easily removed by children and are large enough so that children cannot choke on them.
Typical cost of an outlet cover: less than $2.
9. Use a carbon monoxide (CO) detector outside bedrooms to help prevent CO poisoning. Consumers should install CO detectors near sleeping areas in their homes. Households that should use CO detectors include those with gas or oil heat or with attached garages.
Typical cost of a carbon monoxide (CO) detector: $30 to $70.
10. Cut window blind cords; use safety tassels and inner cord stops instead to help prevent children from strangling in blind-cord loops. Window blind cord safety tassels on miniblinds and tension devices on vertical blinds and drapery cords can help prevent deaths and injuries from strangulation in the loops of cords. Inner cord stops can help prevent strangulation in the inner cords of window blinds.
For older miniblinds, cut the cord loop, remove the buckle, and put safety tassels on each cord. Be sure that older vertical blinds and drapery cords have tension or tie-down devices to hold the cords tight. When buying new miniblinds, vertical blinds and draperies, ask for safety features to prevent child strangulation.
Prices vary.
Typical cost of a door stop and door holder: less than $4.
12. Use a cell or cordless phone to make it easier to continuously watch young children, especially when they're in bathtubs, swimming pools, or other potentially dangerous areas. Cordless phones help you watch your child continuously without leaving the vicinity to answer a phone call. Cordless phones are especially helpful when children are in or near water, whether it's the bathtub, the swimming pool, or the beach.
